Work From Last Night & MORE QUESTIONS

Today in class Mr.Schick wasn't there in the beginning. I could tell he wasn't really in a good mood or feeling good. He asked everyone who did their homework and some didn't. We went over all the answers in class. We worked together to come up with all the answers. Mr. Schick told us what Mr. Wojo's idea of a uniform was. It was funny. He thinks we should wear a jump suit! He also showed us a flag. It helped us remember the story of the two twin brothers that were fed by wolves. We had a pop quiz in class. It was easy so it was okay. We have more homework tonight...

• A Republic when the people can chose there own leader. 
• A Democracy is when all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives
• U.S is a Republic
• The Father's had complete control of the family; could even kill them
• Patrician people were highly ranked
• Legion was a massive military unit made of 4,000 - 6,000 people
• The women had much more power than those in Athens; but couldn't vote
• All men had to join the army 

HOMEWORK:

Definitions:

• Consul: The two officials of Rome instead of a king
• Veto: Overrule; "I forbid" 
• Senate: aristocratic branch of Rome's government
• Assembly: The democratic side of Roman government 
• Dictator: A leader who had absolute power to make laws and command the army
• Mercenaries: Soldiers who fight in any country's army for pay
• SPQR: the letters on the Roman coins meaning Senatus Populusque Romanus- the senate and the Roman people
• Twelve Tables: 12 laws that established the idea that all free citizens had a right to the protection of the law; helped to settle the conflict between patricians and plebeians 
• Cincinnatus: The Roman ideal of a dictator is shown in this STORY- In 458 B.C, when Rome's armies were in peril, the senate named Cincinnatus dictator. He was plowing his four-acre farm when messengers brought him the news. He left his plow, defeated Rome's enemies, and stepped down as dictator in 15 days. He then returned to his farm to plow. 
• Gauls: a people from the Po River Valley, north of the Apennines; they sacked Rome leaving it in ruins
• Pyrrhus: A king in western Greece
• Carthage: The former Phoenician colony; near the midpoint of the Mediterranean Sea; had a huge navy of 500 ships and trade made them a very wealthy city 
• Monarchy: government by king
• Aristocracy: government by nobles
• Democracy: government by the people

Questions:

1. (a) Why were many plebeians dissatisfied with Rome's government in the early years of the republic?

- In 509 B.C the Roman's drove out their Kings and patricians controlled Rome's government now. Plebeians were barred by law from holding most important positions in government -- commanding armies, serving as high priest, or holding high offices

(b) How did they win reforms?

- Eventually the plebeians won a greater share of political power. Between 494 and 287 B.C, thousands of plebeians refused to fight in the Roman army unless patricians agreed to certain reforms. 

(c) What changes did they bring about in Roman government?

- The plebeians gained higher political positions and more favorable laws. Marriage between the two groups was allowed and enslavement by debt was ended. They created a written law code called Twelve Tables.
  

2. Why did Romans consider that they had a balanced government?

- They meant that their government was partly a monarchy, partly an aristocracy, and partly a democracy. They believed this gave them the best features of all kinds of governments.  

3. Once Rome had conquered most of Italy, how did the Roman government win the support of the conquered people?

- Different parts of the conquered territory were subjected to different laws and treatment from Rome. 

4. (a) At the start of the Punic Wars, why might Carthage have appeared stronger power?

- Carthage had a population of 250,000 which was 3 times the size of Rome. They had a huge navy of 500 ships. Overseas trade made it a very wealthy city.  

(b) Why was Rome, in fact, the victor?

- They had 3 great advantages. First, Rome could draw on a reserve of more than 500,000 troops made available through its conquests in Italy. Second, Rome's citizen troops were generally more loyal and reliable than the mercenaries employed by Carthage. Third, warfare was Roman specialty.  

5. Why was the Battle of Zama a major turning point in history?

- If Hannibal had been the victor, Carthage and not Rome would have become the greatest empire in the world. Since Rome was victorious, it was Rome that passed on its laws, its government, and its culture to Western Civilization. 

6. Why did the Greeks at first welcome Roman armies?

- At first Roman armies marching into Macedon looked like protectors of Greek freedom. The Greeks rejoiced when, in 197 B.C, the Roman's freed them from the rule of Philip V of Macedon.  

(b) Why did the Greek attitude change?

- Once settled in Greece, however, the Romans interfered in Greek politics, crashing all opposition to rulers favored by Rome. As time passed, the exercise of Roman power in the east became increasingly ruthless. A few Greek city-states tried to free themselves from Rome's tightened grip, but failed. Rome singled out Corinth for an example.